Introduction

In this example, we check the correctness of SFEMaNS for a hydrodynamic problem involving Dirichlet boundary conditions.

We solve the Navier-Stokes equations:

\begin{align*} \partial_t\bu+\left(\ROT\bu\right)\CROSS\bu - \frac{1}{\Re}\LAP \bu +\GRAD p &=\bef, \\ \DIV \bu &= 0, \\ \bu_{|\Gamma} &= \bu_{\text{bdy}} , \\ \bu_{|t=0} &= \bu_0, \\ p_{|t=0} &= p_0, \end{align*}

in the domain $\Omega= \{ (r,\theta,z) \in {R}^3 : (r,\theta,z) \in [0,1/2] \times [0,2\pi) \times [0,1]\} $ with $\Gamma= \partial \Omega $. The data are the source term $\bef$, the boundary data $\bu_{\text{bdy}}$, the initial datas $\bu_0$ and $p_0$. The parameter $\Re$ is the kinetic Reynolds number.

Manufactured solutions

We approximate the following analytical solutions:

\begin{align*} u_r(r,\theta,z,t) &= \left(\left(r^2z^3-3r^3z^2\right)\cos(\theta) - \left(r^2z^3+3r^3z^2\right)\sin(\theta)\right)\cos(t), \\ u_{\theta}(r,\theta,z,t) &= 3\left(r^3z^2-r^2z^3\right)\left(\cos(\theta)+\sin(\theta)\right)\cos(t), \\ u_z(r,\theta,z,t) &= \left(3r^2z^3\cos(\theta)+5r^2z^3\sin(\theta)\right), \\ p(r,\theta,z,t) &= rz\left(\cos(\theta)+\sin(\theta)\right)\sin(t), \end{align*}

where the source term $\bef$ and the boundary data $ \bu_{\text{bdy}}$ are computed accordingly.

Generation of the mesh

The finite element mesh used for this test is named Mesh_10_form.FEM and has a mesh size of $0.1$ for the P1 approximation. You can generate this mesh with the files in the following directory: ($SFEMaNS_MESH_GEN_DIR)/EXAMPLES/EXAMPLES_MANUFACTURED_SOLUTIONS/Mesh_10_form. The following image shows the mesh for P1 finite elements.

Finite element mesh (P1).

Information on the file `condlim.f90`

The initial conditions, boundary conditions and the forcing term $\textbf{f}$ in the Navier-Stokes equations are set in the file condlim_test_1.f90. Here is a description of the subroutines and functions of interest.

The subroutine init_velocity_pressure initializes the velocity field and the pressure at the time $-dt$ and $0$ with $dt$ being the time step. This is done by using the functions vv_exact and pp_exact as follows:
time = 0.d0

DO i= 1, SIZE(list_mode)

mode = list_mode(i)

DO j = 1, 6

!===velocity

un_m1(:,j,i) = vv_exact(j,mesh_f%rr,mode,time-dt)

un (:,j,i) = vv_exact(j,mesh_f%rr,mode,time)

END DO

DO j = 1, 2

!===pressure

pn_m2(:) = pp_exact(j,mesh_c%rr,mode,time-2*dt)

pn_m1 (:,j,i) = pp_exact(j,mesh_c%rr,mode,time-dt)

pn (:,j,i) = pp_exact(j,mesh_c%rr,mode,time)

phin_m1(:,j,i) = pn_m1(:,j,i) - pn_m2(:)

phin (:,j,i) = Pn (:,j,i) - pn_m1(:,j,i)

ENDDO

ENDDO
The function vv_exact contains the analytical velocity field. It is used to initialize the velocity field and to impose Dirichlet boundary conditions on the velocity field.
1. First we define the radial and vertical coordinates r, z.
  r = rr(1,:)
  
  z = rr(2,:)
2. If the Fourier mode m is not equal to 1, the velocity field is set to zero.
  IF (m/=1) THEN
  
  vv = 0.d0
  
  RETURN
  
  END IF
3. For the Fourier mode $m=1$, we define the velocity field depending of its TYPE (1 and 2 for the component radial cosine and sine, 3 and 4 for the component azimuthal cosine and sine, 5 and 6 for the component vertical cosine and sine) as follows:
  IF (TYPE == 1) THEN
  
  vv(:) = m*r**2*z**3 - 3*r**3*z**2
  
  ELSEIF (TYPE == 2) THEN
  
  vv(:) = -m*r**2*z**3 - 3*r**3*z**2
  
  ELSEIF (TYPE == 3) THEN
  
  vv(:) = 3*r**3*z**2 - 3 *r**2*z**3
  
  ELSEIF (TYPE == 4) THEN
  
  vv(:) = 3*r**3*z**2 - 3 *r**2*z**3
  
  ELSEIF (TYPE == 5) THEN
  
  vv(:) = r**2*z**3*(4-m)
  
  ELSEIF (TYPE == 6) THEN
  
  vv(:) = r**2*z**3*(4+m)
  
  ENDIF
  
  vv(:) = vv(:) * COS(t)
  
  RETURN
  
  where $t$ is the time.
The function pp_exact contains the analytical pressure. It is used to initialize the pressure.
1. If the Fourier mode m, is not equal to 1, the pressure is set to zero.
  IF (m/=1) THEN
  
  vv = 0.d0
  
  RETURN
  
  END IF
2. For the Fourier mode $m=1$, the pressure does not depends of the TYPE (1 for cosine and 2 for sine) so we write:
  vv(:) = rr(1,:)**2*rr(2,:)**3*COS(t)
  
  RETURN
  
  where $t$ is the time.
The function source_in_NS_momentum computes the source term $\bef$ of the Navier-Stokes equations.

All the other subroutines present in the file condlim_test_1.f90 are not used in this test. We refer to the section Fortran file condlim.f90 for a description of all the subroutines of the condlim file.

Setting in the data file

We describe the data file of this test. It is called debug_data_test_1 and can be found in the following directory: ($SFEMaNS_DIR)/MHD_DATA_TEST_CONV_PETSC.

We use a formatted mesh by setting:
===Is mesh file formatted (true/false)?

.t.
The path and the name of the mesh are specified with the two following lines:
===Directory and name of mesh file

'.' 'Mesh_10_form.FEM'

where '.' refers to the directory where the data file is, meaning ($SFEMaNS_DIR)/MHD_DATA_TEST_CONV_PETSC.
We use one processor in the meridian section. It means the finite element mesh is not subdivised.
===Number of processors in meridian section

1
We solve the problem for $3$ Fourier modes.
===Number of Fourier modes

3
We use $3$ processors in Fourier space.

===Number of processors in Fourier space

3

It means that each processors is solving the problem for $3/3=1$ Fourier modes.

Remark: the total number of processors used for this test is equal to $ 1\times3=3$. If we had use $2$ processors in meridian section, we would need $2\times 3=6$ processors in total.
We do not select specific Fourier modes to solve.
===Select Fourier modes? (true/false)

.f.

As a consequence, the code approximates the problem on the first $3$ Fourier modes, meaning $0$, $1$ and $2$.
We approximate the Navier-Stokes equations by setting:
===Problem type: (nst, mxw, mhd, fhd)

'nst'
We do not restart the computations from previous results.
===Restart on velocity (true/false)

.f.

It means the computation starts from the time $t=0$.
We use a time step of $0.01$ and solve the problem over $100$ time iterations.
===Time step and number of time iterations

.01d0, 100
We set the number of domains and their label, see the files associated to the generation of the mesh, where the code approximates the Navier-Stokes equations.
===Number of subdomains in Navier-Stokes mesh

1

===List of subdomains for Navier-Stokes mesh

1
We set the number of boundaries with Dirichlet conditions on the velocity field and give their respective labels.
===How many boundary pieces for full Dirichlet BCs on velocity?

3

===List of boundary pieces for full Dirichlet BCs on velocity

5 2 4
We set the kinetic Reynolds number $\Re$.
===Reynolds number

1.d0
SFEMaNS allow to penalize the divergence of the velocity. To use this feature we set:
===Coefficient for penalty of divergence in NS?

1.d0

By default this coefficient is set to $0$.
We give information on how to solve the matrix associated to the time marching of the velocity.
1. ===Maximum number of iterations for velocity solver
  
  100
2. ===Relative tolerance for velocity solver
  
  1.d-6
  
  ===Absolute tolerance for velocity solver
  
  1.d-10
3. ===Solver type for velocity (FGMRES, CG, ...)
  
  GMRES
  
  ===Preconditionner type for velocity solver (HYPRE, JACOBI, MUMPS...)
  
  MUMPS
We give information on how to solve the matrix associated to the time marching of the pressure.
1. ===Maximum number of iterations for pressure solver
  
  100
2. ===Relative tolerance for pressure solver
  
  1.d-6
  
  ===Absolute tolerance for pressure solver
  
  1.d-10
3. ===Solver type for pressure (FGMRES, CG, ...)
  
  GMRES
  
  ===Preconditionner type for pressure solver (HYPRE, JACOBI, MUMPS...)
  
  MUMPS
We give information on how to solve the mass matrix.
1. ===Maximum number of iterations for mass matrix solver
  
  100
2. ===Relative tolerance for mass matrix solver
  
  1.d-6
  
  ===Absolute tolerance for mass matrix solver
  
  1.d-10
3. ===Solver type for mass matrix (FGMRES, CG, ...)
  
  CG
  
  ===Preconditionner type for mass matrix solver (HYPRE, JACOBI, MUMPS...)
  
  MUMPS
To get the total elapse time and the average time in loop minus initialization, we write:
===Verbose timing? (true/false)

.t.

These informations are written in the file lis when you run the shell debug_SFEMaNS_template.

Outputs and value of reference

The outputs of this test are computed with the file post_processing_debug.f90 that can be found in the following directory: ($SFEMaNS_DIR)/MHD_DATA_TEST_CONV_PETSC.

To check the well behavior of the code, we compute four quantities:

The L2 norm of the error on the velocity field.
The H1 norm of the error on the velocity field.
The L2 norm of the divergence of the velocity field.
The L2 norm of the error on the pressure.

These quantities are computed at the final time $t=1$. They are compared to reference values to attest of the correctness of the code. These values of reference are in the last lines of the file debug_data_test_1 in the directory ($SFEMaNS_DIR)/MHD_DATA_TEST_CONV_PETSC. They are equal to:

============================================
(Mesh_10_form.FEM)
===Reference results
1.849614619964180E-005  L2 error on velocity 
1.090890924305511E-003  H1 error on velocity 
3.046235725487920E-003  L2 norm of divergence 
6.311016414861051E-004  L2 error on pressure

To conclude this test, we show the profile of the approximated pressure and velocity magnitude at the final time. These figures are done in the plane $y=0$ which is the union of the half plane $\theta=0$ and $\theta=\pi$.

Pressure in the plane plane y=0.